Glossary


 * A**
 * = **TERM** ||= **DEFINITION** ||
 * Access Control Software || It is a software that controls and filters the access available. An example is the filter put on the computers at schools limiting what students and teachers can view. ||
 * Adware || Any type of software that is programmed to automatically show or play advertisements after the software is installed or running. Related to spyware. ||
 * Algorithm || It is a problem-solving procedure that analyzes and logically solves problems. ||
 * < American Standard Code of Information Interchange (ASCII) ||< Since computers can only process and understand numbers, the ASCII (pronounced as-kee) is the numerical version of characters and symbols. Each character has a different 8-bit code which creates symbols, the 26 letters in the alphabet (upper- and lowercase), and 10 digits. ||
 * Analyze || To thoroughly study a piece of information. To study the structure and find the main ideas. ||
 * Application Program || Most commonly known as simply an application, it is a tool used make a computer have specified purposes and fulfill the user's needs. ||
 * Architecture || It is the design in which each constituent part of the CPU is put together. The perfomance of a computer is determined by this. ||
 * Artificial Intelligence || Also known as AI, it is when a computer is able to impersonate the human thought process. ||
 * Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) || ATM was developed to enable fast data transmission. This fast data transmission is due to its ability to allot bandwidth. ATM is used for things like video conferencing. ||
 * Attachment || When an email is sent, the user has the option of sending sound, video, image, or a word document with the message. ||
 * Authentication || This is a security measure used to verify a person's identity. In some systems, they use data encryption to recognize the user. ||

2. A measure of the amount of data that can be transmitted through a circuit per unit of time (second). ||
 * B**
 * Back Door || An entry into a computer system deliberately left by designers, usually privileged accounts intended for field service technicians or maintenance programmers. ||
 * Bandwidth || 1. The difference in height between the highest and lowest frequencies.
 * Barcode || An image of dark stripes of varying widths on a light background; the width and sequence of the stripes denotes the numbers (characters). The images are scanned by laser or conventional light emitting devices; software programs convert the barcode information into digital data. ||
 * Binary || Relating to systems composed of only two items or choices. See bit. ||
 * Bit || binary digit. The smallest unit of information for data storage and transmission. Each bit is considered to be either a "1" or a "0" ||
 * Bitmap (BMP) || A file or image structure representing, bit for bit, an image displayed on a monitor. Bitmaps define the width and height of images and the parts of images. Bitmaps may represent colored images; in this case, more than on bit is needed to define each pixel. ||
 * Byte || The unit of data storage and transmission in computers. A byte is usually considered the code for a single character. The number of bits in a byte varies among computer systems. Usually 8 bits long. ||


 * C**
 * = **TERM** ||= **DEFINITION** ||
 * Cache || This is storage that allows faster access for files that are more commonly used. ||
 * Central Processing Unit (CPU) || The CPU is an essential part of a computer, commonly known as the "brain" of the computer, it processes information, performs arithmetic calculations, and makes basic decisions by comparing information values. ||
 * Cluster || A grouping of multiple processors or servers to, for example, improve graphic rendering speeds or increase reliability. ||
 * Common Gateway Interface || A type of program that will run under nearly all operating systems and is used primarily to process requests from HTML forms or act on information obtained from HTML forms. ||
 * Compact Disk (CD)/ Compact Disk-Read Only Memory (CD-ROM) || CD-R stands for compact disc--recordable. It is an optical disc you can write information on, but you cannot remove the information. CD-R disks are WORM (write-once, read-many) media. That is, a drive can write onto a blank or partially filled CD-R disk, but it can't erase the data after it's burned in. ||
 * Compatible || The ability of a software program to run on a specific computer system. Also, The ability of a hardware device to function with a particular type of computer. Some software for example may not work on a certain operating system. This is why when downloading a software it shows you the different OS in which it will work (ex: Windows 98/2000/XP/Vista, Mac). ||
 * Compression || Compression software and hardware squeeze data out of files so they can be stored in smaller spaces, often with a slight loss of image quality. ||
 * Computer Aided Design || CAD systems are sometimes integrated with a computer aided manufacturing system. ||
 * Copyright || Laws which protects an artist's/author's work which means copying, distribution, altering, etc... This depends according to the nation's or international law. Permission must be obtained in order to use that author's work. ||
 * Cookie || Cookies are small files deposited on the user's hardisk. They are used to more effectively for online shopping but tis cn pose a threat to personal privacy. ||
 * Cyberspace || Cyberspace is a shared virtual reality, complete with sights, sounds, and other sensations. ||


 * D**
 * Data || Numbers, codes, words, or phrases without units or other items that define or give meaning to these original elements. See information, knowledge, and wisdom. ||
 * Database || A collection of related types of data in a single file, or set of files, for sorting, analyzing, and reporting. ||
 * Data Encryption || The scrambling of data into unintelligible characters using passwords. The encrypted file can be restored to their original state using the correct password. See an external document about encryption. ||
 * Desktop Publishing (DTP) || The use of computers to prepare text and graphics for printing. The best desktop publishing programs support the fitting of text into irregular shapes and the use of a variety of typefaces and font sizes and styles (bold, italic, underline, outline, superscripts, subscripts). ||
 * Digital || Of or pertaining to data, programs, or information that exist in electronic binary form. The information is represented by combinations of the "1" and "0" conditions. See binary. ||
 * Domain Name System (DNS) || A data query service used on Internet for translating host names into Internet addresses. It is also the host name used on the Internet. The proper term for a host name its "fully qualified domain name". DNS refers to both a way of naming hosts and the way of naming the servers and clients that manage that information on the Internet. ||
 * Drag-And-Drop || The initiation of software processing by the virtual movement of icons into an icon for a program or process. Examples are: printing a document by moving an icon or a copy of its image into the icon for a printer, or deleting a file by moving its icon into the icon for the trash can. ||


 * E**


 * = **TERM** ||= **DEFINITION** ||
 * Electric Data Interchange (EDI) || Electronic Data Interchange. The set of document format standards and protocols by which business and academic information is exchanged over networks. EDI documents are used to process purchase orders, pay bills, invoices, share shipping orders, send transcripts, and to facilitate similar transactions. ||
 * Electronic Mail (email/e-mail) || Documents or messages exchanged electronically over computer networks. E-mail is typically sent to a mail server computer where the document is held until the intended recipient connects to the mail server and reads or downloads the documents. E-mail notes may have attached files. ||
 * Encryption || The reversible modification of data into unintelligible sequence of characters using passwords and special computer programs. ||
 * Encoded || A piece of information that has been transformed into another format, usually hiding the information's real meaning. ||
 * Ergonomics || Ergonomics is the science of designing that enable people and things to interact efficiently and safely. Ergonomic studies not only suggest preventative measures you can take to protect your health as you work with computers, but also it is related creating products that work properly with the way the body works, moves, etc. ||
 * Ethics || The critical and systematic reflection on morality. ||
 * Expansion Slot || Some times called Slots, they are the optional slots for additional cards. Expansion slots are mostly PCI and PCI Express. With Expansion slots, you can customize your computer by inserting special purpose circuit boards. These expansion slots can be filled with anything from extra memory to a new video card. These slots also serve as a limiter; once these slots have been filled, previous ones must be removed in order to make room for newer ones. ||


 * F**
 * Fiber Optics || Glass fibers used to transmit digital data infra-red or visible light a the carrier (usually a laser). The fiber are very thin, smaller than a human hair. Light does not escape from the fibers because they are made to give complete reflection inside the fibers. Fiber optics can carry very large amounts of data over long distances at great speeds and without distortions. ||
 * File || An electronic digital sequence of bits representing ASCII characters or other code sets. This electronic data may be stored on disks, tapes, or other devices and can be transmitted in electronic form. The digital data may represent text (letters or numbers), sound and/or images. ||
 * File Transfer Protocol (FTP) || A protocol used between clients and servers and allows one computer to transfer files to and from another computer over a TCP/IP network Connections require a user identification which may be open to "guest" or "anonymous" users, or the connections may restricted to specific persons. The connections may require public passwords, e-mail addresses, or secret passwords. Users many be permitted only to download files or they maybe given permission to both upload and download files. ||
 * Firewall || A software program or a or machine device that prevents unauthorized access to computers or computer files. Firewalls are sometimes specific machines containing security software and devices; these machines are provide connection to networks from dial-in lines. These special machines protect the computers on a network "behind" the firewall. Computers behind the firewall can connect to an outside network but the firewall protects these computers from unauthorized access from the outside network. ||


 * G**
 * **TERM** || **DEFINITION** ||
 * Gigabyte (GB) || This is approximately 1,000 megabytes or 1 billion bytes. This is the most prevalent size of memory in jump drives and can hold a good amount of data. It is bigger than a megabyte but smaller than a Terabyte. in today society, gigabyte is mostly use for home user, soon we will move on to terabyte. ||
 * Gigahertz || Gigahertz is the unit when measuring computer clock speed, one Gigahertz is equivalent to one billion clock cycle per second. the numbers can be misleading when judging a computer's speed by its gigahertz. Two identical processors, and one may be faster due to the speed of its memory access. ||
 * Global Positioning System (GPS) || A system using satellites to accurately determine the location of any place in the earth's surface. ||
 * Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) || Graphics Interchange Format. A file compression method developed by CompuServe. The method reduces file sizes by counting repeating pixels and storing the pixel color and the number of repetitions. GIF compression is well suited for line art and simple images. GIF compression reduces image colors to no more than 256 colors. Most old computers and many computers in current use only display 256 colors. See JPEG, PIC, PIX, TIFF, and WPG.A more complete discussion of GIF compression is given in another document. ||
 * Graphical User Interface (GUI) || A graphically-based computer monitor interface in which images, icons, dialogue boxes, and standard "widgets" are used to facilitate communication between humans and machines. ||


 * H**
 * Hardware || Computer and network equipment consisting of transistors, circuit boards, wiring, connectors, disk drives, cables, and similar physical or tangible components. See software. ||
 * Hertz || Cycles per second. A unit of frequency. One hertz is equal to one cycle per second. Abbreviated as Hz. ||
 * HTML || A set of tags or commands used by World Wide Web browsers to format and display text and images, to play sound or video, or to run programs. ||
 * Hypertext || A document or set of documents with "links" that aid users in navigating among links and their references. Links may reference and facilitate jumps to places with a single document, to other documents in the same computer, or to documents in any computer on a network (mostly in reference to the internet). ||
 * Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) || The client-server TCP/IP protocol used on the World-Wide Web for the exchange of HTML documents. ||


 * I**
 * **TERM** || **DEFINITION** ||
 * Information Technology (IT) || Any set of machines or programs used to store, retrieve, transmit or otherwise process data and information. Abbreviated IT. Information technology includes systems that control machines or processes or that assist in making decisions. ||
 * Import || Import is to bting files to a location, and once th midification is done, it will be export it. ||
 * Input || Information taken in by a computer. ||
 * Input Device || Input devices are devices that accept input from the outside world. For example, there are such as keyboards, mice, tablets (device that you can draw something on a electronic board with a electronic pen). It can be any peripheral that sends information to the CPU. There can also be imaging (webcam), video (webcam, handycam) and audio (mic) input devices. ||
 * Instant Messaging || A communication service which allows you to talk to other people in real time over the Internet such as MSN. This service can also be used on mobile phones. ||
 * Interactive Processing || Interactive processing is data which is entered by a user and which is processed straight away which allows viewing and changing values online in real time. Earlier, //batch processing// was used, which processes a mass amount of data at the same time, but which is usually done only some time later. ||
 * Interface || A boundary between two systems. In IT, machines or humans communicate across these boundaries. An interface may be as simple as a hardware connectors, it may include communication protocols, or programs and features by which humans enter commands into and receive information from machines. ||
 * Internet || The Internet is usually capitalized to indicate that it a special set of connected computers. It is the largest network in the world and consists of many different physical networks around the world. These networks use various protocols including the Internet Protocol to communicate. ||
 * Internet Protocol || The network part of the TCP/IP protocol set. It supports routing, file fragmentation and re-assembly. ||


 * J**
 * Java || An, object-oriented, general-purpose programming language developed by Sun Microsystems and that supports programming platform-independent Java "applets" or the Internet . ||
 * JPEG || An image file compression method that modifies the original data and stores information on the shapes and colors that will represent the image upon decompression. JPEG is well suited for photographic images, those with shading and gradual merging of colors, and those with many colors. ||


 * K**
 * **TERM** || **DEFINITION** ||
 * Kilobyte (KB) || About 1000 bytes of information. ||


 * L**
 * LCD || Liquid crystal display ||
 * LINUX || A UNIX style operating system for personal computers. LINUX is freeware and can be installed at low cost, usually the cost of the delivery media, eg., CD-ROM. ||
 * Local Area Network (LAN) || A computer based communications network limited to approximately 1 km radius and often within a single office, building, or single company location. ||


 * M**
 * **TERM** || **DEFINITION** ||
 * Macro || It is a shortcut to a task that is done repeatedly. ||
 * Malware || General malicious software, including worms, trojans, and other viruses. ||
 * Megabit || A megabit is a unit of information or computer memory, which is exact 1,048,576 bits- one eighth the size of a megabyte. ||
 * Memory || Stores programs and the data they need to be instantly accessible to the CPU. ||
 * Microprocessor || Now known as a personal computer. ||
 * Modem || Modulator / demodulator. A piece of electronic equipment that converts between serial data from a computer and audio signals transmitted over telephone lines. Modems vary in speeds at which they can transmit data. Data compression and error correction algorithms permit transmissions at the higher speeds. Modems may either be internal within a computer or externally connected to the computer. ||
 * Morals || Concerned with the distinction between right and wrong. ||
 * Motherboard || The circuit board that contains a computer's CPU. Also called a system board. ||
 * Multicore Processor || A microprocessor containing multiple CPUs. ||
 * Multiprocessing || Employing two or more microprocessors in a computer in order to improve overall performance. ||

2. A "host" computer on a network. ||
 * N**
 * Network || Any set of computer systems connected by cables, phone lines, or radio communication methods and which share data. ||
 * Node || 1. An device on a computer network and which can be addressed so it can be contacted by other computers.


 * O**
 * **TERM** || **DEFINITION** ||
 * Operating System (OS) || A system of programs that performs a variety of technical operations, providing an additional layer of insulation between the user and the bits-and-bytes world of computer hardware. ||
 * Optical Character Recognition (OCR) || OCR is a type of technology that recognizes individual characters on a printed page so that they can be stored and edited as text. A common type of an OCR device is a scanner, or more specifically, a pen scanner. Users no need to type everything on MS word, simply scan and copy and paste it. ||
 * Optical Computer || A potential future alternative to silicon-based computing, in which information is transmitted in light waves rather than electrical pulses. ||
 * Output Device || Device for sending information from the computer such as a monitor or printer. ||


 * Q**
 * **TERM** || **DEFINITION** ||
 * Query || A query is an information request in database terminology. It might be a simple search for a specific record, or a request to select all records that match a set of criteria. Many databases allow you to store commonly used queries so you can access them quickly in the future. ||


 * R**
 * RAM || Random-access memory ||
 * RGB || A method of defining colors by the amounts of red, green, and blue contained in each pixel. Red, green, and blue are the primary colors and can be mixed to produce any non-primary color. ||
 * Robot || A mechanical device controlled by computer processors and programs and that perform human-like tasks. See cyborg and android. ||
 * Router || A piece of equipment that directs communications among networks. The device contains programs that determine where to forward files. These forwarding decisions are based on tables of data about the structure of the networks and by network protocols. ||


 * S**
 * **TERM** || **DEFINITION** ||
 * Search Engine || A program that searches for information on the World Wide Web using key words. Search engines may look only at document titles, headers, or URLs; others may conduct searches of the complete text (full text searches). ||
 * Spreadsheet || An application that processes both numbers and text in rows and columns. Cells occur rows and columns intersect. Cell values are calculated by formulas that can use values or formulas in other cells. Recalculations occur when change in dependant cells. Spreadsheets may include 3-dimensional cell references. Spreadsheets are useful in conducting 'what-if' explorations. ||
 * Storage Device || Long term repository for data Stores. Disk and tapes are examples. Storage device for Storing information, programs, data that need to be instantly accessible to the CPU. Examples of Storage Devices are USB Jumpdrives, CD-RW, and DVD-RW. ||
 * Symmetric Multiprocessing || Employing two or more microprocessors in a computer in order to improve overall performance. ||
 * System Bus || A group of wires that transmits information between components on the motherboard. ||


 * T**
 * TCP/IP || Transmission Control Protocol over Internet Protocol ||
 * Terabyte (Tb) || 1 Tb = 1000 gigabytes. ||
 * Trojan Horse || A malicious program disguised to appear as something benign. ||
 * Tutorial Software || Computer programs that give instruction in how to use the software program or system that they support. These programs simulate the capabilities of the system. ||


 * U**
 * **TERM** || **DEFINITION** ||
 * Unicode || A 65,000-character set for making letters, digits, and special characters fit into the computer's binary circuitry. ||
 * Uniform Practice Locator (URL) || A tool that is used to identify a resource and is the mechanism in retrieving the resource. It is most commonly used in the World Wide Web in retrieving hypertext addresses. ||

2. An IT system that can respond to voice commands, often without regard to the person speaking. ||
 * V**
 * Vector Graphics || A drawing method that uses shapes such as lines, polygons and text and groups of these objects to create a picture. The other primary method stores bitmaps of the image. The vector graphics advantages are that changes to one part of the picture does not change other parts, the parts are stored independently, and vector graphics are easily scaled without losing resolution. ||
 * Video Conferencing || A conference in which the participants are at various locations and in which television type images and sounds are simultaneously exchanged among the participants. Each participants is able to hear and see the participants at each of the other sites. ||
 * Virtual Reality || Computer simulation of 3-dimensional systems of sight, sound, or touch. These simulations are intended to give users of the impression or feelings of being present within the scenes or conditions being simulated. ||
 * Virus || A program that "infects" other programs or files by embedding a copy of itself into the the target files. Viruses are propagated by trading programs. ||
 * Voice Recognition || 1. An IT system in which the voices of individuals is recognized. Some systems use vice recognition as a security feature to permit access to the system.


 * W**
 * **TERM** || **DEFINITION** ||
 * Web Page || A single document on the World Wide Web (WWW), made up of text and images and interlinked with other documents. ||
 * Wide Area Network (WAN) || A network that spreads over a large area. This area can be regional and pass national borders and boundaries. ||
 * Wireless Access Point || A communication device, typically connected to a wired network, that is used to create a wireless network. ||
 * Wireless Protected Access (WPA) || WPA is a feature of wireless network security, which allows individuals to protect their wireless networks from unauthorized users through the use of temporal key integrity protocol encryption. It is more secure than its counterpart. ||
 * Wizard || A software help agent agent that walks the user through a complex situation. ||
 * Word Processor || A program for creating documents for printing or display. Features include formatting, typeface and font selections. Most word processors include spell checking. ||
 * World Wide Web (WWW) || Most commonly known through its abbreviation "www", it is a complex system of hypertext documents that can be accessed through the internet. ||


 * X**


 * Y**

2. The file extension for filed compressed using the zip program. ||
 * Z**
 * Zip || 1. A file compression method and the compressed file format.
 * Zip Drive || A disk drive for removable 3.5 inch floppy disks that can store approximately 100 megabytes of data. ||


 * Bibliography

http://wiki.ibitgs.org/

http://www.amersol.edu.pe/hs/technology/itgs/GlossaryofTerms.asp#K

Tomorrow's Technology And You**